Quantitative estimates for the size of an intersection of sparse automatic sets

A theorem of Cobham says that if $k$ and $\ell$ are two multiplicatively independent natural numbers then a subset of the natural numbers that is both $k$- and $\ell$-automatic is eventually periodic. A multidimensional extension was later given by Semenov. In this paper, we give a quantitative version of the Cobham-Semenov theorem for sparse automatic sets, showing that the intersection of a sparse $k$-automatic subset of $\mathbb{N}^d$ and a sparse $\ell$-automatic subset of $\mathbb{N}^d$ is finite with size that can be explicitly bounded in terms of data from the automata that accept these sets.Comment: 14 page

Sparse Automatic Sets

The theory of automatic sets and sequences arises naturally in many different areas of mathematics, notably in the study of algebraic power series in positive characteristic, due to work of Christol, and in Derksen's classification of zero sets for sequences satisfying a linear recurrence over fields of positive characteristic. A fundamental dichotomy for automatic sets shows that they are either sparse, having counting functions that grow relatively slowly, or they are not sparse, in which case their counting functions grow reasonably fast. While this dichotomy has been known to hold for some time, there has not---to this point in time---been a systematic study of the algebraic and number theoretic properties of sparse automatic sets. This thesis rectifies this situation and gives multiple results dealing specifically with sparse automatic sets. In particular, we give a stronger version of a classical result of Cobham for automatic sets where one now specializes to sparse automatic sets; we then prove that a conjecture of Erdos and Turan holds for automatic sets, again using the theory of sparseness; finally, we give a refinement of a classical result of Christol where we consider algebraic power series whose support set is a sparse automatic set

COVID-19 Unmasked Global Collaboration Protocol: longitudinal cohort study examining mental health of young children and caregivers during the pandemic

Background: Early empirical data shows that school-aged children, adolescents and adults are experiencing elevated levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, there is very little research on mental health outcomes for young children. Objectives: To describe the formation of a global collaboration entitled, ‘COVID-19 Unmasked’. The collaborating researchers aim to (1) describe and compare the COVID-19 related experiences within and across countries; (2) examine mental health outcomes for young children (1 to 5 years) and caregivers over a 12-month period during the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) explore the trajectories/time course of psychological outcomes of the children and parents over this period and (4) identify the risk and protective factors for different mental health trajectories. Data will be combined from all participating countries into one large open access cross-cultural dataset to facilitate further international collaborations and joint publications. Methods: COVID-19 Unmasked is an online prospective longitudinal cohort study. An international steering committee was formed with the aim of starting a global collaboration. Currently, partnerships have been formed with 9 countries (Australia, Cyprus, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Turkey, the UK, and the United States of America). Research partners have started to start data collection with caregivers of young children aged 1–5 years old at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Caregivers are invited to complete an online survey about COVID-19 related exposure and experiences, child’s wellbeing, their own mental health, and parenting. Data analysis: Primary study outcomes will be child mental health as assessed by scales from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System–Early Childhood (PROMIS-EC) and caregiver mental health as assessed by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). The trajectories/time course of mental health difficulties and the impact of risk and protective factors will be analysed using hierarchical linear models, accounting for nested effects (e.g. country) and repeated measures

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Okul Servisi Araçlarını Rotalama Problemi için Yenilikçi Bir Yaklaşım

Modeling and solving vehicle routing problems is nowadays emerging as a need in various fields. Among these, it is seen that one of the types that have a wide area and which is looking for the most suitable solution in a short time period is the school bus clustering, routing and scheduling problem. School bus routing problem is defined as the problem that students reside in certain regions can be assigned to the school buses in the most appropriate way and that they can serve different schools in the shortest time with the most appropriate route within the school buses itself. It is not possible to model and solve it directly by classical methods because of many objectives and constraints it contains. In the literature, it is seen that there are many studies in which the problem is addressed in whole or in part. Both exact and variety of developed heuristic algorithms have sought out to provide optimal solutions. In this study, the solution of the problem of clustering and routing for a school bus company serving many schools with different number of students is presented. A hybrid model is used with different clustering techniques and routing methods in order to reduce the costs and increase the profit as much as possible by optimizing the bus routes and number of buses in the student transportation service company. The results are compared with the solutions of saving algorithm for the example in this study, which is expressed as the capacity constrained and open vehicle routing problem.Araç rotalama problemlerini modellemek ve çözmek günümüzde çeşitli alanlarda bir ihtiyaç olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu problemlerin içerisinde geniş bir alana sahip olup belirli periyotlarda kısa sürede en uygun çözüm arayan türlerinden birisinin okul servis araçlarını kümeleme, rotalama ve çizelgeleme problemi olduğu görülmektedir. Okul servis aracı rotalama problemi, belirli bölgelerde oturan öğrencilerin en uygun şekilde servis araçlarına atanıp, servis araçlarının kendi içerisinde en kısa sürede en uygun rota ile farklı okullara hizmet verebilmesi problemi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İçerdiği birçok amaç ve kısıttan ötürü klasik bilinen yöntemlerle modellenmesi ve doğrudan çözülmesi mümkün olmamaktadır. Literatürde problemi bütünüyle ya da kısmi olarak ele alan birçok çalışma yapıldığı ve bunlar için hem kesin hem de geliştirilen çeşitli sezgisel yöntemlerle çözüm arandığı görülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında farklı öğrenci sayısı olan birçok okula hizmet veren bir servis firması için kümeleme ve rotalama problemi ele alınarak çözüm üretilmiştir. Problemin çözümünde servis araçlarının rotalarını ve sayısını optimize ederek öğrenci taşımacılığı yapan firmadaki maliyetleri azaltıp kârı mümkün olduğu kadar artırabilmek amacıyla farklı kümeleme teknikleri ve rotalama yöntemleri ile karma bir model kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar kapasite kısıtlı ve açık uçlu araç rotalama problemi olarak ifade edilen bu uygulamadaki örnek için tasarruf algoritması ile de çözülerek kıyaslanmıştır

The Role of Eco-Municipalities in Climate Change for a Sustainable Future

Creating a sustainable future for cities is a critical issue worldwide and municipalities help shape cities from different perspectives. An eco-municipality is a governance strategy and holistic approach to creating sustainable communities and development. The sustainable strategies and projects of these municipalities mostly focus on public participation mechanisms, creating and building renewable energy sources, and designing healthy and green cities. The aim of this chapter is to examine the status of the strongly connected studies concerning global climate change and the eco-municipality model. In this regard, the projects and strategies of Nordic countries which have been pioneers in eco-municipalities and the studies of Turkish municipalities which have recently taken action to develop integrated environmental approaches will be discussed. In addition, an evaluation of projects and strategies of local governments in Turkey relevant to climate change will be critiqued

USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION

This research aims to get the opinions of science teacher candidates about using mobile applications. The research study group consists of 31 science teacher candidates who are continuing their education at the Faculty of Education at Duzce University. A descriptive research design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this research. At the beginning, teacher candidates were informed about mobile learning and applications. Later, to get their opinions, they were asked to use SkyMap, PlantNet, KligTag, and Science Journal mobile applications and prepare reports about them. Finally, they were asked to write their opinions about mobile applications. The data obtained are coded, and their frequency distributions are analyzed, tabulated, and interpreted. The research findings were obtained through a content analysis of the data consisting of the opinions of science teacher candidates. According to the results obtained, most of the teacher candidates stated that mobile applications benefit the learning and teaching process and contribute to students' development of science process skills. In addition, teacher candidates stated that mobile applications attract students' attention and offer them the opportunity to learn through experience.WOS:00069137170000

The Role of Eco-Municipalities in Climate Change for a Sustainable Future

Creating a sustainable future for cities is a critical issue worldwide and municipalities help shape cities from different perspectives. An eco-municipality is a governance strategy and holistic approach to creating sustainable communities and development. The sustainable strategies and projects of these municipalities mostly focus on public participation mechanisms, creating and building renewable energy sources, and designing healthy and green cities. The aim of this chapter is to examine the status of the strongly connected studies concerning global climate change and the eco-municipality model. In this regard, the projects and strategies of Nordic countries which have been pioneers in eco-municipalities and the studies of Turkish municipalities which have recently taken action to develop integrated environmental approaches will be discussed. In addition, an evaluation of projects and strategies of local governments in Turkey relevant to climate change will be critiqued

Cholestatic Hepatitis due to Salmonella typhi

Salmonella infection occurs worldwide and is still an important public health problem in many developing countries. The infection can affect almost all major organs including the liver. Severe hepatic involvement with a clinical feature of acute hepatitis is a rare complication. In this paper, a 39-year-old male with acute cholestatic typhoid hepatitis is presented. The case had a tender hepatomegaly and elevated serum alanine and aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase levels; these features cannot been distinguished from those of acute viral hepatitis. Serological and viral markers of acute viral hepatitis were negative. No pathology could be determined in abdomen Ultrasonography (USG) or Magnetic Reso - nance (MR) Cholangiography. As enteric fever is a common infection, the recognition of salmonella hepatitis is of clinical importance. When patients from an endemic or outbreak area present acute febrile hepatitis, typhoid fever should be a consideration